Spacecraft / shuttle

Space Shuttle

1981-2011
Space Shuttle
STS-133, the final Shuttle launch (Discovery), 2011. NASA.

The partially reusable spaceplane. 135 flights over 30 years: it carried Hubble into orbit, built the ISS, and flew 350+ different astronauts.

Specs

135 flights (1981-2011); 5 orbiters built (Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour); 2 lost (Challenger 1986, Columbia 2003); the orbiter glided home - it had no engine for landing.

Why it matters

The wings only slowed reentry; the heat shield did the real work. It also captured, repaired and upgraded Hubble in orbit with astronaut spacewalks - something no 'drone fleet' has ever done.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia - Space Shuttle [1]